1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business

Floor & Decor Holdings, Inc. (f/k/a FDO Holdings, Inc.), together with its subsidiaries (the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) is a highly differentiated, rapidly growing specialty retailer of hard surface flooring and related accessories. We offer a broad in‑stock assortment of tile, wood, laminate, vinyl, and natural stone flooring along with decorative and installation accessories at everyday low prices. Our stores appeal to a variety of customers, including professional installers and commercial businesses (“Pro”), Do It Yourself customers (“DIY”) and customers who buy the products for professional installation (“Buy it Yourself” or “BIY”). We operate within one reportable segment.

As of December 27, 2018, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Floor and Decor Outlets of America, Inc. (“F&D”), operates 100 warehouse-format stores, which average 75,000 square feet, and one small-format standalone design center in 28 states, as well as three distribution centers and an e-commerce site, FloorandDecor.com.

Fiscal Year

The Company’s fiscal year is the 52- or 53-week period ending on the Thursday on or preceding December 31st. Fiscal years ended December 27, 2018 (“fiscal 2018”), December 28, 2017 (“fiscal 2017”), and December 29, 2016 (“fiscal 2016”) include 52 weeks. When a 53-week fiscal year occurs, we report the additional week at the end of the fiscal fourth quarter. 52-week fiscal years consist of thirteen-week periods in the first, second, third and fourth quarters of the fiscal year.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Unless indicated otherwise, the information in this Annual Report has been adjusted to give effect to a 321.820-for-one stock split of the Company’s outstanding common stock, which was approved by the Company's board of directors and shareholders on April 13, 2017 and effected on April 24, 2017.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash consists of currency and demand deposits with banks.

Receivables

Receivables consist primarily of amounts due from credit card companies, receivables from vendors and tenant improvement allowances owed by landlords. The Company typically collects its credit card receivables within three to five business days of the underlying sale to the customer. The Company has agreements with a majority of its large merchandise vendors that allow for specified rebates based on purchasing volume. Generally, these agreements are on an annual basis, and the Company collects the rebates subsequent to its fiscal year end. Additionally, the Company has agreements with substantially all vendors that allow for the return of certain merchandise throughout the normal course of business. When inventory is identified to return to a vendor, it is removed from inventory and recorded as a receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, and any variance between capitalized inventory cost associated with the return and the expected vendor reimbursement is expensed in Cost of sales in the Consolidated Statement of Income when the inventory is identified to be returned to the vendor. The Company reserves for estimated uncollected receivables based on historical trends, which historically have been immaterial. The allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 27, 2018 and December 28, 2017, was $184 thousand and $349 thousand, respectively.

Credit Program

Credit is offered to the Company's customers through a proprietary credit card underwritten by third-party financial institutions and at no recourse to the Company. Beginning in fiscal 2018, the Company began offering limited credit to its commercial clients. The total exposure at the end of fiscal 2018 was $251 thousand.

Inventory Valuation and Shrinkage

Inventories consist of merchandise held for sale and are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. When evidence exists that the net realizable value of inventory is lower than its cost, the difference is recorded in Cost of sales in the Consolidated Statement of Income as a loss in the period in which it occurs. The Company determines inventory costs using the weighted average cost method. The Company capitalizes transportation, duties and other costs to get product to its retail locations. The Company records reserves for estimated losses related to shrinkage and other amounts that are otherwise not expected to be fully recoverable. These reserves are calculated based on historical shrinkage, selling price, margin and current business trends. The estimates have calculations that require management to make assumptions based on the current rate of sales, age, salability and profitability of inventory, historical percentages that can be affected by changes in the Company's merchandising mix, customer preferences and changes in actual shrinkage trends. These reserves totaled $4,265 thousand and $2,936 thousand as of December 27, 2018 and December 28, 2017, respectively.

Physical inventory counts and cycle counts are performed on a regular basis in each store and distribution center to ensure that amounts reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets are properly stated. During the period between physical inventory counts in our stores, the Company accrues for estimated losses related to shrinkage on a store-by-store basis. Shrinkage is the difference between the recorded amount of inventory and the physical inventory. Shrinkage may occur due to theft or loss, among other things.

Fixed Assets

Fixed assets consist primarily of furniture, fixtures and equipment, leasehold improvements (including those that are reimbursed by landlords as tenant improvement allowances), computer software and hardware and land. Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation utilizing the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives.

Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of (i) the original term of the lease, (ii) renewal term of the lease if the renewal is reasonably expected or (iii) the useful life of the improvement. The Company’s fixed assets are depreciated using the following estimated useful lives:

 

The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise disposed are removed from the accounts, and the related gain or loss is reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

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Capitalized Software Costs

The Company capitalizes certain costs related to the acquisition and development of software and amortizes these costs using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software. Certain development costs not meeting the criteria for capitalization are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill and Other Indefinite‑Lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired. The Company does not amortize goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives resulting from business combinations but, in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, does assess the recoverability of goodwill annually in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more often if indicators warrant, by determining whether the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value. In accordance with ASC 350, identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Each year the Company may assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the single reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to complete quantitative impairment assessments.

 

The Company completed a qualitative assessment in fiscal 2018. Based on such goodwill impairment analysis performed qualitatively as of October 26, 2018, the Company determined that the fair value of its reporting unit is in excess of the carrying value. No events or changes in circumstances have occurred since the date of the Company's most recent annual impairment test that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount.

 

The Company annually (or more frequently if there are indicators of impairment) evaluates whether its indefinite-lived asset continues to have an indefinite life or have impaired carrying values due to changes in the asset or its related risks. The impairment review is performed by comparing the carrying value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset to its estimated fair value. If the recorded carrying value of the indefinite-lived asset exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment charge is recorded to write the asset down to its estimated fair value.

The estimated lives of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:

 

The Company’s goodwill and other indefinite‑lived intangible assets impairment loss calculations contain uncertainties because they require management to make significant judgments in estimating the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit and indefinite‑lived intangible asset, including the projection of future cash flows, assumptions about which market participants are the most comparable, the selection of discount rates and the weighting of the income and market approaches. These calculations contain uncertainties because they require management to make assumptions such as estimating economic factors and the profitability of future business operations and, if necessary, the fair value of the reporting unit’s assets and liabilities among others. Further, the Company’s ability to realize the future cash flows used in its fair value calculations is affected by factors such as changes in economic conditions, changes in the Company’s operating performance and changes in the Company’s business strategies. Significant changes in any of the assumptions involved in calculating these estimates could affect the estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting unit and indefinite‑lived intangible assets and could result in impairment charges in a future period.

Long‑Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, such as fixed assets and intangible assets with finite lives, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Conditions that may indicate impairment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in customer demand or business climate that could affect the value of an asset, a product recall or an adverse action by a regulator. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows related to the asset is less than the asset’s carrying value, the Company recognizes a loss equal to the difference between the carrying value and the fair value, usually determined by the estimated discounted cash flow analysis of the asset.

Since there is typically no active market for the Company’s definite-lived intangible asset, the Company estimates fair value based on expected future cash flows at the time they are identified. The Company estimates future cash flows based on store-level historical results, current trends and operating and cash flow projections. The Company amortizes the asset with a finite life over its estimated useful life on a straight-line basis. This amortization methodology best matches the pattern of economic benefit that is expected from the definite-lived intangible asset. The Company evaluates the useful life of its intangible asset on an annual basis.

Tenant Improvement Allowances and Deferred Rent

The Company accounts for tenant improvement allowances and deferred rent as liabilities or assets on the balance sheet. Tenant improvement allowances are amounts received from a lessor for improvements to leased properties and are amortized against rent expense over the life of the respective leases. Fixed rents are recognized ratably over the initial non-cancellable lease term. Deferred rent represents differences between the actual cash paid for rent and the amount of straight-line rent over the initial non-cancellable term.

Self‑Insurance Reserves

The Company is partially self-insured for workers’ compensation and general liability claims less than certain dollar amounts and maintains insurance coverage with individual and aggregate limits. The Company also has a basket aggregate limit to protect against losses exceeding $8.6 million (subject to adjustment and certain exclusions) for workers' compensation claims and general liability claims. The Company’s liabilities represent estimates of the ultimate cost for claims incurred, including loss adjusting expenses, as of the balance sheet date. The estimated liabilities are not discounted and are established based upon analysis of historical data, actuarial estimates, regulatory requirements, an estimate of claims incurred but not yet reported and other relevant factors. Management utilizes independent third-party actuarial studies to help assess the liability on a regular basis.

Commitments and Contingencies

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.

Asset Retirement Obligations

An asset retirement obligation (“ARO”) represents a legal obligation associated with the retirement of a tangible long-lived asset that is incurred upon the acquisition, construction, development or normal operation of that long-lived asset. The Company’s AROs are primarily associated with leasehold improvements that, at the end of a lease, the Company is contractually obligated to remove in order to comply with certain lease agreements. The ARO is recorded in Other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and will be subsequently adjusted for changes in fair value. The associated estimated asset retirement costs are capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the long-lived asset and depreciated over its useful life.

Changes in (i) inflation rates and (ii) the estimated costs, timing and extent of future store closure activities each result in (a) a current adjustment to the recorded liability and related asset and (b) a change in the liability and asset amounts to be recorded prospectively. Any changes related to the assets are then recognized in accordance with our depreciation policy, which would generally result in depreciation expense being recognized prospectively over the shorter of the remaining lease term or estimated useful life.

Fair Value Measurements—Debt

The Company estimates fair values in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. ASC 820 provides a framework for measuring fair value and requires disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Additionally, ASC 820 defines levels within a hierarchy based upon observable and non-observable inputs.

The fair values of certain of the Company’s debt instruments have been determined by the Company utilizing Level 3 inputs, such as available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies, including the rates for similar instruments and the discounted cash flows methodology.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments to maintain a portion of its long-term debt obligations at a targeted balance of fixed and variable interest rate debt to manage its risk associated with fluctuations in interest rates. We recognize derivative contracts at fair value on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value is calculated utilizing Level 2 inputs. Unrealized changes in the fair value of hedged derivative instruments are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income within the equity section of our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivatives is reported as a component of Comprehensive income within the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and reclassified into earnings in the same period in which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The effective portion of the derivative represents the change in fair value of the hedge that offsets the change in fair value of the hedged item. To the extent changes in fair values of the instruments are not highly effective, the ineffective portion of the hedge is immediately recognized in earnings.

We perform an assessment of the effectiveness of our derivative contracts designated as hedges, including assessing the possibility of counterparty default. If we determine that a derivative is no longer expected to be highly effective, we discontinue hedge accounting prospectively and recognize subsequent changes in the fair value of the hedge in earnings. We believe our derivative contracts, which continue to be designated as cash flow hedges, and which consist of interest rate cap contracts, will continue to be highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flow attributable to floating interest rate risk. See footnote 8.  Derivatives and Risk Management for additional information.

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Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements requires management of the Company to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of sales and expenses during the period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the carrying amounts of fixed assets and intangibles, asset retirement obligations, allowances for accounts receivable and inventories, reserves for workers' compensation and general liability claims incurred but not reported and deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue and the related cost of sales when we satisfy the performance obligations in contracts with our customers. Our performance obligations for our retail store sales as well as for orders placed through our website and shipped to our customers are satisfied at the point-of-sale, which is the point at which the customer obtains control of the inventory as described under Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606). Shipping and handling activities are performed after the customer obtains control of the goods and are accounted for as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer goods, rather than a separate performance obligation as outlined within Topic 606. Payment is due from the customer immediately at the point-of-sale for both retail store sales and website sales. The nature of the goods offered include hard surface flooring and related accessories. We do not perform installation services, and we offer free design services in-store. The transaction price recognized in revenues represents the selling price of the products offered. Sales taxes collected are not recognized as revenue as these amounts are ultimately remitted to the appropriate taxing authorities.

Our customers have the right to return the goods sold to them within a reasonable period, typically 90 days. The right of return is an element of variable consideration as defined within Topic 606. We reserve for future returns of previously sold goods based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable. This reserve reduces sales and cost of sales as well as establishes a return asset and refund liability as defined with Topic 606. For the fiscal year ended December 27, 2018, the return asset is included within Prepaid expenses and other current assets and the refund liability is included within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, each respectively on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We adopted the standard using the modified retrospective transition method within Topic 606; therefore, we accounted for the return asset and all provisions of Topic 606 prospectively. The return asset is included in Inventories, net on the December 28, 2017 Consolidated Balance Sheets. The refund liability under Topic 605 and Topic 606 is included within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities. Merchandise exchanges of similar product and price are not considered merchandise returns and, therefore, are excluded when calculating the sales returns reserve.

Gift Cards and Merchandise Credits

We sell gift cards to our customers in our stores and through our website and issue merchandise credits in our stores. We account for the programs by recognizing a liability at the time the gift card is sold or the merchandise credit is issued. The liability is relieved and revenue is recognized upon redemption. Additionally, we recognize breakage income in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer when we expect to be entitled to breakage. Net sales related to the estimated breakage are included in net sales in the Consolidated Statement of Income. We have an agreement with an unrelated third-party who is the issuer of the Company's gift cards and also assumes the liability for unredeemed gift cards. The Company is not subject to claims under unclaimed property statutes, as the agreement effectively transfers the ownership of such unredeemed gift cards and the related future escheatment liability, if any, to the third-party. Gift card breakage is recognized based upon historical redemption patterns and represents the balance of gift cards for which the Company believes the likelihood of redemption by the customer is remote. Accordingly, in fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017, and fiscal 2016 gift card breakage income of $1,584 thousand, $757 thousand, and $627 thousand was recognized in net sales in the Consolidated Statements of Income, respectively, for such unredeemed gift cards.

Sales Returns and Allowances

The Company accrues for estimated sales returns based on historical sales return results. The allowance for sales returns at December 27, 2018 and December 28, 2017, was $8,335 thousand and $7,189 thousand, respectively.

Merchandise exchanges of similar product and price are not considered merchandise returns and, therefore, are excluded when calculating the sales returns reserve.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales consists of merchandise costs as well as freight to transport inventory to our distribution centers and stores, and duty and other costs that are incurred to distribute the merchandise to our stores. Cost of sales also includes shrinkage, damaged product disposals, distribution, warehousing, sourcing and compliance cost and arranging and paying for freight to deliver products to customers. The Company receives cash consideration from certain vendors related to vendor allowances and volume rebates, which is recorded as a reduction of costs of sales when the inventory is sold or as a reduction of the carrying value of inventory if the inventory is still on hand.

Vendor Rebates and Allowances

Vendor allowances consist primarily of volume rebates that are earned as a result of attaining certain inventory purchase levels and advertising allowances or incentives for the promotion of vendors' products. These vendor allowances are accrued, based on annual projections, as earned.

Vendor allowances earned are initially recorded as a reduction to the carrying value of inventory and a subsequent reduction in cost of sales when the related product is sold. Certain incentive allowances that are reimbursements of specific, incremental and identifiable costs incurred to promote vendors’ products are recorded as an offset against these promotional expenses.

Total Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses consist primarily of store and administrative personnel wages and benefits, infrastructure expenses, supplies, fixed asset depreciation, store and corporate facility expenses, pre-opening costs, training and advertising costs. Credit card fees, insurance, personal property taxes, legal expenses and other miscellaneous operating costs are also included.

Advertising

The Company expenses advertising costs as the advertising takes place. Advertising costs incurred during the years ended December 27, 2018,  December 28, 2017, and December 29, 2016, were $55,283 thousand, $43,560 thousand, and $33,497 thousand respectively, and are included in Selling and store operating expenses and Pre‑opening expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.

Pre‑Opening Expenses

The Company accounts for non-capital operating expenditures incurred prior to opening a new store as "pre-opening" expenses in its Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company's pre-opening expenses begin on average three to six months in advance of a store opening or relocating due to, among other things, the amount of time it takes to prepare a store for its grand opening. Pre-opening expenses primarily include: advertising, rent, staff training, staff recruiting, utilities, personnel and equipment rental. A store is considered to be relocated if it is closed temporarily and re-opened within the same primary trade area. Pre‑opening expenses for the years ended December 27, 2018,  December 28, 2017, and December 29, 2016, totaled $26,145 thousand, $16,485 thousand, and $13,732 thousand, respectively.

Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt

On May 2, 2017, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”), pursuant to which it sold an aggregate of 10,147,025 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share. The Company received aggregate net proceeds of approximately $192.0 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses. The Company used net proceeds from the IPO of approximately $192.0 million to repay a portion of the amounts outstanding under the Term Loan Facility, including accrued and unpaid interest. The partial paydown resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt in the amount of approximately $5.4 million related to unamortized original issue discount and unamortized deferred debt issuance costs.

Stock‑Based Compensation

The Company accounts for employee stock options, restricted stock, and employee stock purchase plans in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. The Company obtains independent third-party valuation studies to assist it with determining the grant date fair value of our stock price. Stock options are granted with exercise prices equal to or greater than the fair market value on the date of grant as authorized by the board of directors or compensation committee. Options granted have vesting provisions ranging from one to five years. Stock option grants are generally subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to vesting. The Company has selected the Black-Scholes option pricing model for estimating the grant date fair value of stock option awards granted. The Company bases the risk-free interest rate on the yield of a zero coupon U.S. Treasury security with a maturity equal to the expected life of the option from the date of the grant. The Company estimates the dividend yield to be zero as the Company does not intend to pay dividends in the future. The Company estimates the volatility of the share price of its common stock by considering the historical volatility of the stock of similar public entities. The Company considers a number of factors in determining the appropriateness of the public entities included in the volatility assumption, including the entity's life cycle stage, growth profile, size, financial leverage and products offered. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period based on the number of years for which the requisite service is expected to be rendered.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and tax basis of existing assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Changes in tax laws and rates could affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities in the future. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws or rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date of such a change.

The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the associated temporary differences became deductible. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates whether it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets will be realized in the future and concludes whether a valuation allowance must be established.

The Company includes any estimated interest and penalties on tax-related matters in income taxes payable and income tax expense. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740. ASC 740-10 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise's financial statements using a two-step process for evaluating tax positions taken, or expected to be taken, on a tax return. The Company may only recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Uncertain tax positions require determinations and estimated liabilities to be made based on provisions of the tax law, which may be subject to change or varying interpretation. The Company does not believe it has any material risks related to uncertain tax positions.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” This standard simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. ASU No. 2017-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted after January 1, 2017.  The Company elected to early adopt this standard during the fourth quarter of 2017. The amendments in this update should be applied using a prospective approach. The adoption of ASU No. 2017-04 did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory.” This standard update requires an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory when the transfer occurs. ASU No. 2016-16 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied using a modified retrospective approach. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-16 did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” The standard update addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. ASU No. 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied using a retrospective approach. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-15 did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employees Share-Based Payment Accounting.” The update is intended to simplify several areas of accounting for share-based compensation arrangements, including the income tax impact, classification on the statement of cash flows and forfeitures. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. Depending on the amendment, methods used to apply the requirements of the update include modified retrospective, retrospective, and prospective. The Company elected to early adopt this standard during the second quarter of 2016. The net cumulative effect of this change was recognized as a $148 thousand reduction to retained earnings and the recognition of $238 thousand of additional paid-in capital. The adoption of this standard resulted in a modified retrospective adjustment on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the interim period of adoption.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." ASU No. 2016-02 requires that lessees recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for all leases with greater than 12 month terms on the balance sheet. The guidance also requires disclosures about the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt the ASU in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. We also plan to elect the package of practical expedients to use in transition, which permits us not to reassess under the new standard our prior conclusions about lease identification and lease classification. We will utilize our lease accounting software to facilitate implementation that will retain the lease classification and initial direct costs for any leases that exist prior to adoption of the standard. We have performed procedures to evaluate the landscape of our real estate, personal property and other arrangements that may meet the definition of a lease. Based on these efforts, we expect that the adoption will result in a significant increase to our long-term assets and liabilities as, at a minimum, substantially all of our current lease commitments will be subject to balance sheet recognition. We do not expect the adoption to have a material impact to our Consolidated Statements of Income or Statements of Cash Flows.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, “Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory.” ASU No. 2015-11 provides new guidance for entities using first-in, first-out or average cost to simplify the subsequent measurement of inventory, which proposes that inventory should be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is defined as the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. This guidance eliminates the option to subsequently measure inventory at replacement cost or net realizable value less an approximately normal profit margin. This new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those years. The amendments in this update should be applied prospectively. The adoption of ASU No. 2015-11 did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” ASU No. 2014-09 provides new guidance related to the core principle that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services provided. We adopted this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 using the modified retrospective approach, effective December 29, 2017. The cumulative adjustment upon adoption primarily resulted in a reduction of deferred revenue and related inventories and an increase to retained earnings of $7.8 million, net of tax. The adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 did not have a material impact to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

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